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As technology advances, these attacks will demand increasingly fewer resources and less sophistication to carry out. While we are unaware of incidents of criminals carrying out the active attacks we discovered, the hardware resources required to conduct them are relatively modest. Unfortunately, many of these vulnerabilities result from basic design flaws in the P25 protocols and products, and, until the standard is changed and products are upgraded, cannot be effectively defended against by end users or P25 system administrators.
![decrypt p25 radio decrypt p25 radio](http://www.radioandtrunking.com/motorola-p25-images/astro-25-thumb.jpg)
These weaknesses, which apply even when encryption is properly configured, leak data about the identity of transmitting radios, enable active tracking and direction finding of idle (non-transmitting) users, allow highly efficient (low-energy) malicious jamming and denial of service, and permit injection of unauthenticated traffic into secured channels. Our analysis found significant - and exploitable - security deficiencies in the P25 standard and in the products that implement it. Because radio signals are inherently easy to detect and intercept, encryption is the primary mechanism used to secure sensitive P25 traffic. The P25 security features, in which voice traffic can be encrypted with a secret key to frustrate unauthorized eavesdropping, are used to protect sensitive communications in surveillance and other tactical law enforcement, military and national security operations. P25 radios are widely deployed in the United States and elsewhere by state, local and federal agencies, first responders, and other public safety organizations.
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In a recent research paper, we analyzed the security features of the APCO Project 25 (P25) digital two-way radio system.
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